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Gold, ‘Non-traditional reserve currencies’ eat into U.S. dollar’s reserve dominance: Wolf Richter

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Gold and other reserve currencies – but not the euro or renminbi – are steadily eroding the U.S. dollar’s position as the world’s preeminent reserve asset, according to Wolf Richter, analyst and publisher of Wolf Street.

“The status of the US dollar as the dominant global reserve currency has helped the US fund its twin deficits, and thereby has enabled them: the huge fiscal deficit every year and the massive trade deficit every year,” Richter wrote in an article published Monday. “The reserve currency status comes from other central banks (not the Fed) having purchased trillions of USD-denominated assets such as Treasury securities, other government securities, corporate bonds, and even stocks. The dollar status as the dominant reserve currency has been crucial for the US, and as that dominance declines ever so slowly, risks pile up ever so slowly.”

Total holdings of USD-denominated securities by other central banks (not the Fed) fell by $59 billion to $6.63 trillion at the end of 2024, from $6.69 trillion at the end of 2023,” he noted. “And the dollar’s share declined to 57.8% of total allocated exchange reserves at the end of 2024, the lowest since 1994, down by 7.3 percentage points in 10 years, as central banks have been diversifying their holdings for years to assets denominated in currencies other than the dollar, and into gold.”

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International News

World Gold Council to develop shared infrastructure for digital gold

The World Gold Council (WGC) today announced a pioneering initiative to build new market infrastructure designed to unlock the next era of digital gold’s development.

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WGC has co-authored a White paper titled Digital Gold: The Case for a Shared Infrastructure with Boston Consulting Group (BCG) which explores “Gold as a Service” – a new platform to support the issuance and operation of scalable, interoperable digital gold products.

Gold as a Service would act as an open platform, connecting the physical custody of gold with the digital systems used to issue and manage gold-backed products. By standardising essential market processes such as custody coordination, reconciliation, compliance and redemption, the model aims to reduce operational complexity, improve access and enable greater consistency across digital gold products.

Addressing the Structural Barriers to Digital Gold

The White paper acknowledges that gold has already undergone meaningful digitalisation, with trading, clearing and recordkeeping now largely electronic and a growing range of digital gold products such as tokens, now available. Yet despite these innovations, digital gold remains limited in scale largely due to structural constraints. Launching and operating digital gold products remains complex, with limited standardisation and reduced fungibility restricting its ability to integrate with modern financial systems.

Gold as a Service is proposed as a response to these challenges. Recognising the physical nature of gold, it is designed to modernise how gold integrates with an increasingly digital financial ecosystem, while preserving the asset’s foundational attributes that have underpinned its role and relevance for millennia.

Key Features of the Platform Would Include:

  • Seamless Product Issuance and Management: Standardised infrastructure and operating models would simplify the creation, issuance and ongoing management of digital gold products, reducing operational complexity.
  • Ease of Trade: By standardising processes, Gold as a Service aims to increase digital gold’s fungibility, allowing it to function as a single asset with consistent value and legal rights across the ecosystem.
  • Embedded Trust and Assurance: Continuous reconciliation, audit and assurance would be built into shared infrastructure, strengthening confidence in digital gold by supporting consistent proof of physical backing and clearly defined ownership and redemption frameworks.
  • Interoperability by Design: Shared infrastructure would enable digital gold products to integrate more easily with existing financial market infrastructure and emerging digital rails, improving mobility across platforms, venues and use cases.
  • Broader Utility: As fungibility and liquidity improve, digital gold could extend beyond its traditional role as a diversifier and store of value. Gold can become deployable capital, enabling new use cases like pledging gold as collateral for borrowing.

David Tait, Chief Executive Officer, World Gold Council commented:

“Financial services are undergoing a rapid and pervasive digital transformation and gold must also evolve to maintain its role in the global financial system. Gold as a Service is the latest step in the World Gold Council’s digital gold innovation programme, designed to strengthen trust, transparency and market efficiency. Shared infrastructure can help gold become more accessible, more easily traded and fully integrated into modern financial systems — ensuring it remains as relevant tomorrow as it has been for millennia.”

Matthias Tauber, Managing Director and Senior Partner, BCG added:

“The question is no longer whether gold will be digital, it’s how it can participate in modern financial systems without compromising physical integrity. Together with the World Gold Council, we explored what it takes to build trusted rails for digital gold, at market scale.”

The World Gold Council is calling for innovators and market participants from inside and outside the gold industry to convene, challenge and contribute to the development of this shared infrastructure that the WGC will build.

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