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WGC 2024 Central Bank Gold Reserves Survey

Central Bank managers will continue to increase their gold holdings in the next 12 months

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Central Bank managers will continue to increase their gold holdings in the next 12 months

An increasingly complex geopolitical and financial environment is making gold reserves management more relevant than ever. In 2023, central banks added 1,037 tonnes of gold – the second highest annual purchase in history – following a record high of 1,082 tonnes in 2022.

Following these record numbers, gold continues to be viewed favourably by central banks as a reserve asset. According to the 2024 Central Bank Gold Reserves (CBGR) survey, which was conducted between 19 February and 30 April 2024 with a total of 70 responses, 29% of central banks respondents intend to increase their gold reserves in the next twelve months, the highest level we have observed since we began this survey in 2018.

The planned purchases are chiefly motivated by a desire to rebalance to a more preferred strategic level of gold holdings, domestic gold production, and financial market concerns including higher crisis risks and rising inflation.

81 per cent said that official sector gold reserves overall will grow in the same period. Optimism towards gold’s future role in global reserves continues to grow, with 69% saying that gold’s share of reserves will be higher in five years compared to 62% last year, the WGC survey said.

The top reasons given for the increases now are “long-term store of value or inflation hedge,” “performance during times of crisis” and “effective portfolio diversifier.”

According to the report, reserve managers indicate that they are looking to gold to help mitigate risks and prepare for further political and economic uncertainty, globally. Although seven in ten (71%) still view gold’s legacy as a reason to hold it, other reasons have surpassed it this year. The top three reasons to hold gold now include: gold’s long-term value (88%), performance during crisis (82%), and its role as an effective portfolio diversifier (76%).

Central banks in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDE) maintained their positive outlook for gold’s future share in reserves portfolios. Notably, they were joined by advanced economy central banks which now view gold more positively. More than half (57%) of this group said gold would account for a higher proportion of reserves five years from now, a significant increase compared to 2023 (when 38% of respondents indicated the same view).

Advanced economy central banks have also become more pessimistic in their outlook for the US dollar’s share of global reserves, a view which has consistently been more prominent among EMDEs. More than half (56%) of advanced economy respondents believe the US dollar’s share of global reserves will fall (up 10 percentage points year-on-year), while 64% of EMDE respondents share the same view.

Demand for gold from central banks has been elevated in the last two years as some countries diversify their foreign currency reserves. Their demand contributed to the gold price rally in March-May with the spot price hitting a record high of $2,449.89 per ounce on May 20.

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International News

Geopolitical risks rise, but strong dollar limits gold and silver upside AUGMONT BULLION REPORT

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Gold prices have established support at approximately $5000, while silver has stabilized near the $80 mark. These levels represent critical support zones amid volatile market conditions driven by competing economic narratives.

Currency Strength and Safe-Haven Positioning

The U.S. dollar has strengthened substantially, breaking above the 100 index level. This appreciation reflects investor preference for dollar-denominated assets as geopolitical uncertainty intensifies in the Middle East. The greenback’s strength can be attributed to two primary factors:

  • Energy Independence Advantage: The U.S. maintains structural advantages as a net crude exporter, positioning it more favorably than other developed economies heavily dependent on imported oil.
  • Geopolitical Risk Premium: Recent military escalation, including the largest U.S. military strikes against Iranian targets and continued blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, has reinforced the dollar’s safe-haven status.

 Macroeconomic Constraints on Precious Metals

Economic Growth Slowdown

Recent data revisions indicate Q4 2025 annualized GDP growth decelerated to 0.7%, introducing genuine concerns regarding economic momentum. This slowdown conflicts with traditional precious metals demand narratives and undermines the typical inverse relationship between economic growth and precious metals investment.

 Inflation and Monetary Policy Expectations

The Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) inflation rate has moderated to 2.8% annually, yet crude oil prices exceeding $100 per barrel threaten to reverse disinflationary momentum. The Federal Reserve has postponed anticipated interest rate cuts to September 2026, a significant shift that disadvantages non-yielding assets such as precious metals and gold.

 Oil Price Dynamics and Regional Economic Impact

Inflationary Pressures from Energy Markets

Crude oil prices climbing above $100 per barrel present a dual challenge: they sustain inflation concerns while simultaneously supporting dollar strength as investors seek U.S. assets. Market participants have effectively eliminated expectations for multiple Federal Reserve rate cuts in 2026, recognizing the inflationary implications of elevated oil prices.

Asymmetric Economic Exposure

The geopolitical conflict between the U.S. and Iran creates asymmetric economic consequences:

  • Vulnerable economies: Japan and the eurozone face severe economic headwinds due to heavy reliance on crude imports
  • Insulated markets: The United States maintains relative insulation, having functioned as a net crude exporter for nearly a decade

Policy interventions, including President Trump’s partial 30-day waiver on sanctioned Russian oil purchases, represent attempts to moderate price escalation, though effectiveness remains uncertain.

 Physical Markets and Retail Demand Deterioration

Indian Bullion Market Dynamics

Indian bullion dealers have extended discount offerings to unprecedented levels, reaching $83 per ounce over domestic official pricing (inclusive of 6% import and 3% sales levies)—the highest discount observed since July 2016, compared to $28 the previous week. This dramatic expansion in dealer discounts reflects profound weakening in retail demand.

Jewelry Sector Weakness

The jewelry sector exhibits particular vulnerability, with jewelers demonstrating minimal purchasing activity as they prioritize year-end financial accounting. Weak retail demand transmission throughout distribution channels suggests limited near-term support for precious metals prices at current levels.

The convergence of dollar strength, delayed rate-cut expectations, elevated oil prices, and weakening physical demand creates a challenging environment for precious metals. While geopolitical instability typically supports precious metals valuations, the current macroeconomic framework—characterized by economic deceleration, monetary policy tightening bias, and currency appreciation—has effectively neutralized traditional safe-haven appeal in favor of dollar accumulation and higher-yielding alternatives.

Gold is currently holding a critical support level near $5,000 (~ Rs.156,000), which remains an important technical floor for the market. A decisive break below this level could trigger further downside, with the next key support emerging around $4,850 (~ Rs.150,000). Conversely, if prices manage to stabilize and rebound from current levels, gold could regain upward momentum and potentially move toward $5,200 (~ Rs.164,000), followed by $5,250 (~ Rs.165,000) in the near term).

Source: AUGMONT BULLION REPORT

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